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The Ratnagiri Caves in Odisha, India, are renowned for their ancient Buddhist architecture and historical significance. Dating back to the 5th century CE, these caves served as important monastic centres for Buddhist monks. Located near the Birupa River, the site consists of impressive monasteries, stupas, and intricately carved sculptures of Buddhist deities, reflecting the artistry of the Mahayana tradition. The caves are part of the Puspagiri University complex, once a prominent seat of learning and pilgrimage during the reign of the Gupta dynasty. Today, they are a testament to Odisha’s rich cultural and religious heritage.
Quick Details About Ratnagiri Caves, Odisha
Founded In: 1961
Built In: 5th – 6th century CE
Location: Jajpur district, Odisha, India
Nearest Airport: Biju Patnaik International Airport
Nearest Railway Station: Ratnagiri Road Railway Station
Best Time To Visit: October to March
Location
Photo: Deepak das / Wikimedia Commons
The Ratnagiri Caves are located approximately 100 kms from Bhubaneswar, which is the state’s capital. It is located in the Jajpur district of Odisha state and situated on top of the hill. The Ratnagiri, along with Udayagiri and Lalitgiri, are famously known as the diamond triangle.
How To Reach
Phone: Krupasindhu Muduli / Wikimedia Commons
By Train: The Ratnagiri Road Railway Station is the closest railway station to the caves. They are at an approximate distance of 18 kilometres from the Ratnagiri Caves.
By Air: The nearest airport to the Ratnagiri Caves is Biju Patnaik International Airport. It is located in Bhubaneswar city, which is 88 kilometres from the caves.
By Road: The Ratnagiri bus stand is only 4 kilometres from the Ratnagiri Caves. You can reach there by hiring a taxi or with your conveyance.
Things To Do
There are several fun and exciting cultural things to do at the Ratnagiri Caves, such as:
1. Learn About The Cave’s History
Photo: Dipak MANAT / Wikimedia Commons / Image For Representation Only
The Ratnagiri Caves were constructed in the 5th century CE and were a part of the Mahayana and Vajrayana Buddhist monastic centres. Ratnagiri is one of the Buddhist sites, among others in that region. During an excavation in 1960, the archaeologists of the Archaeological Survey of India (ASI) found these caves among other structures in that region. The site flourished between the 5th and 12th centuries CE and was still active till the 13th century CE. In the ancient era, it became an important hub for Buddhist teachings and practices.
2. Explore The Buddhist Artefacts
Photo: SUDEEP PRAMANIK / Wikimedia Commons
The Ratnagiri Caves house several sculptures of Lord Buddha in postures such as Bhumisparsha mudra. The statues of divinities like Tara as well as bodhisattvas like Padmapani and Avalokitesvara are also there. There are various artefacts found during the excavation of the cave that showcases the fine craftsmanship of the ancient craftsmen. Among these small votive stupas, several Buddha heads were found. The archaeologists found artefacts and coins that give a glimpse into the daily life of the monks.
3. Admire The Ancient Stupas
Photo: sabyasachi jana / Wikimedia Commons
The Ratnagiri Caves were part of the Puspagiri University, which was said to be as good as the Nalanda University. In the Ratnagiri caves, terracotta seals were discovered, which had the name Ratnagiri on them. A large central stupa surrounded by many smaller ones is situated near the caves. Each stupa has intricate carvings on it and contains religious symbols along with small images of Lord Buddha. The central stupa is carved with religious teachings and offers insight into the religious practices of that time.
Places To Visit Near Ratnagiri Caves
There are many top places to visit near Ratnagiri Caves that provide a refreshing experience:
1. Lalitgiri Caves
Photo: Rupeshsarkar / Wikimedia Commons
The Lalitgiri Caves were built in the 2nd century BCE, making it the oldest Buddhist site among the diamond triangle. The formation of the cave continued till the 14th century AD. There are numerous well-built stupas, such as Mahastupa, Chaitya, and many small stupas. The sculptures found in the caves showcase the phases of Buddhism, which are Mahayana, Hinayana, and Vajrayana. The site shows the history of 1500 years and has inscriptions from the Gupta and Post-Gupta periods. It has become a popular site among Buddhist pilgrims and tourists.
Distance From Ratnagiri Caves: 14 kilometres
Things To Do: Explore the caves, admire the sculptures, and learn about their cultural significance.
2. Udayagiri Caves
Photo: Bernard Gagnon / Wikimedia Commons
The Udaygiri Caves are situated on the Udayagiri Hills, which are also known as the Hill of the Rising Sun. It is situated at a distance of 7 km from the state capital, Bhubaneswar. The caves were made by King Kharavela, who belonged to the Meghavahana dynasty. It was constructed around the 2nd century BCE and has carvings in the cave that represent various mythological stories. One of the carvings depicts the Kalinga War, which took place in 261 BCE. These caves were built for the Jain monks to meditate and stay in.
Distance From Ratnagiri Caves: 88 kilometres
Things To Do: Enjoy the scenic views, explore the unique architecture, and view various artefacts.
3. Shree Biraja Temple
Photo: Pratap555 / Wikimedia Commons
Shree Biraja Temple is a historic temple that is termed one of the ancient Hindu temples. It was built in the 13th century CE and is dedicated to Goddess Biraja (a form of Goddess Durga). Located in the Jajpur district, which used to be known as Viraja Kshetra, the capital of the Kalinga Kingdom. The Shree Biraja Temple is among 51 Shakti peetha, which are said to be the places where the goddess Sati’s body parts fell during Lord Shiva’s Tandava. It is believed that Goddess Sati’s navel fell here, which makes it a sacred site among the Hindus.
Distance From Ratnagiri Caves: 36 kilometres
Things To Do: Offer prayers to the goddess Biraja and participate in traditional rituals.
4. Chandikhol Chandi Temple
Photo: Arnab Dutta / Wikimedia Commons / Image For Representation Only
The Chandi Temple of Odisha is dedicated to Maa Chandi, who is a fierce form of goddess Durga. It is a well-known Hindu temple located in Chandikhol, which has been a pilgrimage site for centuries. During festivals such as Durga Puja and Navratri, a large number of devotees show up at the temple to offer their prayers. It is believed that whoever worships at this temple wholeheartedly, the goddess relieves obstacles from their life. The temple is located 40 kilometres from the centre of Jajpur and can be easily reached via National Highway No. 16.
Distance From Ratnagiri Caves: 32 kilometres
Things To Do: Learn about the spiritual significance of the temple and offer prayers to Goddess Chandi.
5. Mahavinayak Temple
Photo: Kamalakanta777 / Wikimedia Commons / Image For Representation Only
The Mahavinayak Temple is located in the Jajpur district of Odisha state and is believed to be the place where Pandavas performed their religious rites. In this temple, Lord Ganesha is worshipped alongside Lord Shiva, Vishnu, and other deities such as Goddess Durga and Parvati. The temple holds special spiritual significance among the devotees because it is a site where five gods are worshipped on one pillar (linga). It is believed that by performing rituals over here, a person can get rid of suffering due to planetary misalignments. On the Sankashti Chaturthi, a large number of devotees visit this temple to receive the blessings of Lord Mahavinayak.
Distance From Ratnagiri Caves: 33 kilometres
Things To Do: Explore the unique architecture, offer prayers to Lord Ganesha, and experience the nearby natural springs.
Tips For Travellers
Photo: Vijayanarasimha / Pixabay / Image For Representation Only
- Wear footwear suitable for walking on uneven terrain.
- Carry a water bottle with you, preferably not plastic.
- Bring a hat with you.
- Follow the instructions given by the guide.
The Ratnagiri Caves in Odisha are a rich site of Buddhist history, featuring ancient stupas, monasteries, and sculptures dating back to the 5th century. The caves offer a fascinating glimpse into the past, with carvings and statues of Buddha. To explore these caves and other areas of the “Diamond Triangle,” book your trip with TripXL. Experience an enriching journey through Odisha’s ancient Buddhist heritage, surrounded by serene landscapes and tranquil surroundings.
Cover Photo: G41rn8 / Wikimedia Commons
